Argumentation-Persuasion

The Longman Reader. Ninth Edition. Ed. Judith Nadell, John Langan, and Eliza A. Comodromos. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 3009. 472-507. Print.

"How Argumentation-Persuasion Fits Your Purpose and Audience."
logos, soundness, of your argument: the facts, statistics, examples, and authorative evidences gathered to support "your" viewpoint.
pathos, the emotional power of language appealing to readers' needs, values and attitudes.
ethos, credibility or integrity.

1. A supportive audience. Achieving having the audience agree with the position you take a stand on. Providing additional information (logos)., you can rely primarily on pathos -a strong emotional appeal.

Suggestions For Using Argumentation-Persuasion In An Essay (pg 477)

1. At the beginning of the paper,identify the controversy surrounding the issue and state your position in the thesis. -The thesus if ab argumentation-persuasion is often called assertion or proposition. Remember: Argumentation-persuasion assumes conflicting viewpoints.

2. Provide readers with strong support for the thesis. -Finding evidence that relates to the readers' needs, values, and experience is a crucial part of writing.

-Personal observation or experience
-Statistics from a report
-Examples from interviews
-Expert opinion cited in a documentary

3. Seek to create goodwill- avoiding alienating readers with views different from your own.

4. Organize the supporting evidence. The support for an argumentation-Persuasion paper can be organized in :
1) Description
2) Causal Analysis
3) Process Analysis

5. Use Rogerian strategy to acknowledge differing viewpoints.
-Psychologist Carl Rogers took the idea of acknowledging the contrary further. He believed that argumentation's goal should be to reduce conflict rather than find a "winner" or "loser"

6. Refute differing viewpoints

7. Use induction or deduction to think logically about your argument.
Induction- involves examination of specific cases, facts, or examples. As in all essays evidence should be specific, unified, adequate,and representative.
Is it recent and accurate? Does it use more than an inferance? Deduction or deductive reasoning begins with a general to specific three step form called a syllogism. This including a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
Major premise- a general statement about an entire group.
Minor premise- a statement about an individual within that group.

8. Use Toulmin logic to establish a strong connection between evidence and your thesis.
Have a :
Claim-the thesis, proposition, or conclusion.
Data-the evidence (facts, statistics, examples, observations, expert opinion used to convince readers validity.
Warrant-the underlying assumption that justifies moving from evidence to claim.
Toulmin an author of a book explains readers are more apt to consider your argument valid if they know what your warrant is.